Tuesday, June 26, 2007

Confucius said, "My temple's dull but my home town's a good laugh"

Next stop on our surge towards the east coast was Qufu, home of China's great philosopher Confucius. I won't go into any guidebook-style potted history this time - I'll just say that Qufu summed up China and almost our whole trip quite succinctly. We spent a couple of slightly bored hours doing the obligatory tourist thing, looking at the temple erected in Confucius's honour, but apart from that we mooched around, eating and drinking too much at the little street market, not doing much else, and having a great time doing it.

Inactivity at Confucius's temple


Friendly man selling some sort of meat at the street market. I know that second character, that looks a bit like a rib cage, means meat - I wonder what the first character means


Hm, suspected as much - it means dog


We think these little chaps got their revenge over the next couple of days


We got chatting (in the loosest sense of the word) to a group of people from Harbin, right up in the northeast near Russia. The last gang that accosted us and forced drinks down our neck were from Harbin too - must be a fun place.


This is after several shouts of "GAMBEI!", which means cheers, or more literally, dry your glass.


Another gambei moment


The aftermath. This picture could also have been taken inside my head

Qin Shi Huang's Terracotta Army

(To the tune of "Brian Clough's Red and White Army", of course... Yes I know, almost as ancient history as the rest of this entry.)

The Terracotta Army is probably China's second most famous tourist attraction after the Great Wall. Given our experience of tourist meccas so far in China (crowds, noise, litter, pushing and shoving), I went to see the warriors (or woooorriz, as our Chinese guide had it) not expecting to be bowled over. Also, people we'd met who'd seen them had mostly just said that they'd ticked that sight off their list, nothing more than that - you couldn't see much.

About 2200 years ago, the first emperor of a united China, Qin Shi Huang, ordered an underground army to be built to guard his tomb near the large central Chinese city of Xi'an. It was to consist of thousands of infantrymen, officers and cavalry, and to be made of life-sized terracotta figures. More incredibly, each soldier was to have a unique head, attached to one of five or six body types for the different ranks - one type for archer, one for horseman, officer, etc. This all lay underground, undiscovered, until in 1974 a peasant digging a well came across one section of it. Since then over a thousand warriors have been uncovered, but apparently there are thousands more still underground. Apologies for that slide into guidebook mode, but I've gone into this detail because it really was amazing. I don't know what those who were disappointed were hoping to see. As is obvious from our photos, we were able to see a huge amount of this vast, 2000-plus-year-old treasure. Did they want to stand amongst the soldiers or climb onto the horses? I can be as cynical as anyone about tourist sights, as this blog no doubt shows, but I can't really understand the cynicism we'd come across about the Terracotta Army.



I want to believe that these figures really are over 2000 years old, because it's incredible, and I've come travelling partly to see incredible things; nothing I've read about the Terracotta Army, from various sources, casts any doubt on this assertion, so why spoil it for yourself by not believing it? But I overheard one gruff old New Yorker telling a worried-looking Asian man that he wasn't "buying it", that it was all a big hoax to get the tourists in. (He's not the first American we've come across in China who seems to think that everything they're told in this country is lies and propaganda, and yet he probably watches Fox News back home.) Some historians have apparently suggested that each face may have been modelled on a real-life soldier from the emperor's army. That does seem a little unlikely perhaps, but that each new face was made different from the last is undeniably true (at least based on what you can see), so why not accept that this happened 2200 years ago rather than thirty? I thought it was a pretty amazing place.

The main excavated hall


Each face really is subtly different




Infantryman (I think)


Middle-ranking officer


High-ranking officer


Of course I'm not saying the Chinese are saints. Nearby the site there is a factory churning out replica models from this size up to full life size, which pretty much all tour groups are dragged to and encouraged to open their wallets.


Our stay in Xi'an was preceded by a particularly comfortable night's sleep in our first train since March, and was almost as lazy and relaxing as Chengdu had been. Other than the organised tour (much easier and no more expensive than doing it off our own backs) to the Terracotta Army, we mostly just sauntered up the road to a Peking Duck restaurant which served up the duck pancakes with plum sauce that I'm sure everyone knows and loves, made for you, for 14p a pop. Oh yes.


One day we rustled up the energy to cycle round the city walls, still completely intact (although I think they've been rebuilt a few times). It's impressive how big the ancient city must have been - it took us an hour and twenty minutes to cycle all the way round, going at a decent whack.


Another taste of Tibet

Our two-week journey through the Kham region of eastern Tibet was great fun but also quite an endurance test, so we approached the trip north from Songpan to the northern city of Lanzhou with a mixture of excitement and trepidation. The route would take us through more high altitude Tibetan territory with a good smattering of very holy monasteries and scenic hikes. In the event, the experience the second time around was missing something - perhaps it was the group we'd been with in Kham; but anyway to be perfectly honest by the time we reached Xiahe, home to one of the six most important monasteries in Tibetan Buddhism, we couldn't wait to get back down to lowland Han China - the real thing.

From Songpan we took an early morning bus, past an accident involving another bus and what looked alarmingly like a petrol tanker, to a village called Langmusi, perched at 3600m right on the border between Sichuan and its northern neighbour Gansu province. It was a beautiful journey across a huge flat plateau, ringed on all sides by distant snowy mountains. Langmusi itself was in an attractive setting, with craggy bare cliffs on one side and a forested mountain on the other. It was just a shame that the clouds were so low and visibility not that good. Still, the next morning we set off at a brisk pace to climb to the top of the craggy cliffs, which the English-speaking Tibetan at our hotel had said was one of the easiest walks. The brisk pace lasted until the first uphill slope. It took us a good half day to get up and down, and from a starting altitude of 3600m it was hard going. But, as you may be tired of reading, the 360-degree views from the top made all the effort worth the while.





There were plenty of the usual Tibetan characters in town, although perhaps without the flair of the Litang locals.







The following day we woke up to snow (in late May!), which made my sunburnt neck from the previous day's hike seem a little weird. It was time to move on, although not before another delicious homemade apple pie at a famous (on the China backpacker grapevine anyway) Westerner cafe called Lesha's. I must say the huge yak burgers (McYak Attack) were a little overrated though - and no one challenged me to a Big Yak-off. Very disappointing.

Arriving in Xiahe early evening, I had a quick look at the huge monastery complex, which takes up half the town. It looked fascinating - loads of Tibetan pilgrims and locals milling around, praying, spinning prayer wheels, selling roadside snacks, sitting on donkey-drawn carts. So much was going on that you could wander around and observe fairly anonymously, which is quite an unusual feeling anywhere in China.



But the next morning, for whatever reason, travel fatigue had set in, and I longed for a more familiar setting with more familiar faces. After this long in China, a normal Chinese town or city would actually have fitted the bill nicely. I'd started to find the Tibetan way of life dirty, cold, uncomfortable, and rather pointless in its incredible religiosity. I sat for about half an hour and watched pilgrims walking around the perimeter of the monastery complex, spinning the prayer wheels which almost completely encircle it. Some of the more pious pilgrims were undertaking the circuit not merely by walking and spinning prayer wheels, but by shuffling sideways facing inwards towards the monastery, and at each step prostrating themselves fully, forehead, chest and knees in the dust - all the way around the complex. One man, who I assumed to be in his twenties but later realised was more like 50, was circuiting the monastery at a rate of two foot-widths per prostration (his own two feet, not 24 inches). In 30 minutes I watched him move about 20 metres clockwise around the perimeter. It would take over an hour to walk at a decent speed right around the monastery (I meant to do it but in the end couldn't be bothered), so for this pilgrim to complete his torturous, dusty circuit would surely take all day.

The man in the middle, lying down, is the incredibly devout pilgrim in question


I found myself feeling very sorry for him, and hoping that the circuit was a once-in-a-lifetime experience, which would give him a great sense of achievement on completion. But what if he did this regularly, even (surely not) every day? I couldn't understand how someone could believe that this was what they needed to do with their life. It seemed like a horrible form of self-punishment. What did he think would happen to him if he didn't spend his hours, days, throwing himself at the dust? Why should any higher power or being look favourably on what to me seemed a complete waste of time and energy? (You might say that, being a Buddhist, he wasn't worshipping anyone or anything, but simply trying to attain enlightenment through a pure life. But from what I've read, Tibetan Buddhists do indeed worship a large number of gods.)

I wondered what he was thinking when the walking worshippers overtook him, and even the exciting moment (well, period) when two people prostrating themselves at shoulder-width intervals raced past him. Did he look down on these heathens, who obviously didn't know that Buddha and co. required six-inch intervals rather than triple that? Did he feel pity and a desire to help them find the way? Or was the pain in his back, knees and arms too great to notice them at all?

Yes, mixed with my feelings of pity for these devout souls was a little contempt, I admit. I regret that - after all who am I to say that I'm right and they're wrong. But as I said, I woke up seriously jaded from the whole travel thing - on another day I might have found the spectacle fascinating and even moving.

I had a couple of run-ins in the monastery itself which didn't help my feeling. First, a stern monk with good English told me I had done something very bad for my life when I was apparently standing in the wrong place at the wrong time in one of the temples, despite the fact that I was no more than three yards from two separate groups of European tourists. I didn't appreciate the threat implicit in his words - I had obviously meant no disrespect. Then, walking around the edge of the complex, three young boys came up to me smiling and, I assume, asking for sweets. I smiled back, but because I didn't have anything for them, they started jabbing me then chucking little stones at me. They were only little so it's not that it was threatening, but all I could do was walk away and wonder why the adults around them didn't do more to stop them harrassing me.

What I was missing about Han China was the friendliness and innocence. Yes, often the Chinese stare at you, but if you smile they usually give you a wide grin in return, and there's nothing threatening whatsoever about their curiosity. Some Tibetans, who for a start are much bigger and look a lot harder than the Chinese, seem more suspicious than curious, and as a result I sometimes felt that my presence was not welcome. Of course, considering their recent history, the Tibetans have more reason than most to distrust outsiders. And I must say I rarely got that unwelcome feeling on our first trip through Tibetan land, so it may have been more down to my own feeling of not belonging than from the locals.

Monks' footwear at Labrang Monastery at Xiahe


One of the many beautiful temples


Anyway, I was ready to get down to Lanzhou, back to warm weather, meat other than yak, and - finally - the rail network! It had been two and a half months of bouncing along in buses with my knees too near my chest since our last train ride, from Guizhou into Yunnan.

Faye and the very speedy Yellow River in Lanzhou


...and yet another cracking Chinese meal